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Kraken Review
Security-first veteran exchange with strong staking, proof of reserves, and pro-level tools.
- Maker fee
- 0.40% (base tier), falling to 0.0% at $10M+/month volume
- Taker fee
- 0.80% (base tier), falling to 0.10% at $10M+/month volume
- Coins listed
- 640
- Max leverage
- Margin: up to ~20x on select pairs; Futures: up to 100x on BTC/ETH perpetuals (not available to US/UK/EU retail)
- KYC
- Mandatory
- Withdrawal fee
- Varies per asset and network; published in Kraken's support center rather than a flat rate
- Payment methods
- Bank transfer, Card, Crypto
- Security incidents
- No customer-fund breach reported since Kraken began operating in 2011; a June 2024 exploit of an on-chain withdrawal bug (roughly $3M) hit Kraken's corporate treasury, not customer accounts
- Not accepted from
- Kraken's Global Terms prohibit users in Crimea, Cuba, Donetsk, Iran, Luhansk, North Korea, Russia, Belarus and Syria; its support pages also list Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Iraq, Japan, Libya, Sudan, South Sudan and Singapore as unserved. Within the US, Kraken does not serve Maine or New York residents, and some products (crypto transfers, fiat rails, specific tokens) are limited in a handful of other states.
- Founded
- 2011
- Headquarters
- Cheyenne, Wyoming, United States
- Regulation
- FinCEN (USA) — Money Services Business registration (MSB registration 31000270997766; NMLS ID 1843762 for state money-transmitter licences) — Payward Interactive, Inc., Central Bank of Ireland — MiCA Crypto-Asset Service Provider (passported across the EEA) and Payment Institution (C468360) — Payward Europe Solutions Limited, CySEC (Cyprus) — MiFID investment firm (342/17) — Payward Europe Digital Solutions (CY) Limited, AUSTRAC (Australia) — Digital Currency Exchange registration (100575789) — Bit Trade Pty Ltd, Wyoming Division of Banking — Special Purpose Depository Institution charter (SPDI charter (no public licence number)) — Kraken Financial (Payward, Inc.), FCA (UK) — registered cryptoasset firm (FRN 928768) — Payward Ltd, Central Bank of Ireland — Electronic Money Institution (C453020) — Payward Ireland Limited, FINTRAC (Canada) — Money Services Business; Restricted Dealer with Canadian securities regulators (MSB M19343731) — Payward Canada Inc., Bermuda Monetary Authority — Class F Digital Asset Business licence (202403268) — Payward Digital Solutions Ltd, NFA / CFTC (USA) — Futures Commission Merchant (Kraken Derivatives US) (NFA ID 0309379) — NinjaTrader Clearing, LLC d/b/a Kraken Derivatives US
- Fiat on/off-ramp
- Futures
- Staking
- Copy trading
- Proof of reserves
Pros
- No history of losing customer funds to an external hack since operating since 2013
- Regularly publishes independently audited proof-of-reserves
- Wide range of staking assets with on-chain rewards
- Deep regulatory footprint (MiCA in the EU, AUSTRAC in Australia, Wyoming SPDI bank charter in the US)
- Fee tiers drop to near-zero for high-volume traders
Cons
- Instant-buy fees are notably higher than Kraken Pro trading fees
- Staking access for US customers is limited to select states
- Base-tier spot fees (0.40%/0.80% maker/taker before volume discounts) are pricier than several rivals
- Trustpilot reviews report slow support response and verification delays during high-traffic periods
Security and licensing
Kraken has operated since 2011 without losing client funds to an external security breach, one of the longest clean records among major exchanges. It keeps the large majority of digital assets in cold storage and holds ISO/IEC 27001 security certification.
The exchange runs recurring proof-of-reserves audits with an independent accounting firm, letting clients cryptographically verify their balances are backed 1:1. Its parent company, Payward, holds a Wyoming Special Purpose Depository Institution bank charter, is MiCA-authorised via the Central Bank of Ireland for EU operations, holds a CySEC investment firm licence (342/17) through Payward Europe Digital Solutions (CY) Limited, is registered with FinCEN as a Money Services Business in the US, and operates in Australia through AUSTRAC-registered Bit Trade Pty Ltd.
Trading fees
Kraken Pro uses a maker-taker model starting at 0.40% maker / 0.80% taker for the lowest volume tier, dropping as low as 0.0% maker / 0.10% taker for accounts trading $10 million or more per month. Tier qualification can use spot volume, futures volume, or total assets on the platform, whichever gives the better rate.
The simple Kraken app and instant-buy flow carry a higher all-in cost, often around 1% for a typical retail buy, so active traders get meaningfully better pricing by using Kraken Pro instead of the basic buy screen. Futures trading fees start at 0.02% maker / 0.05% taker and also scale down with volume.
Coins, staking, and derivatives
Kraken lists several hundred cryptocurrencies for trading, spanning major coins like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana alongside a long tail of smaller and newer tokens. It supports on-chain staking for around 20 assets, including Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, Cardano, and Polkadot, with rewards paid directly to eligible accounts.
Margin trading is available with leverage up to roughly 20x on select pairs, while Kraken Pro perpetual futures offer up to 100x on BTC and ETH contracts for eligible non-US, non-UK, non-EU clients, scaling down as position size grows. Kraken does not issue its own native exchange token.
Deposits and withdrawals
Kraken supports funding via bank transfer, debit/credit card, and direct cryptocurrency deposit, with fees varying by method and currency. Bank wire deposits and withdrawals are generally lower-cost than card funding, though specifics depend on the client's country and chosen payment rail.
Cryptocurrency withdrawal fees are set per asset and are published in Kraken's support center rather than a single flat rate, and they can change as network conditions shift.
Support
Kraken offers 24/7 live chat support through its website and mobile app, plus limited in-app voice support for certain account issues. General inquiries can be sent to info@kraken.com; Kraken does not publish a direct-dial support phone number, and numbers claiming to be Kraken support found elsewhere online should be treated as phishing attempts.
Independent reviews and Trustpilot feedback (around 3.2 out of 5 as of 2026) point to recurring complaints about account holds, withdrawal delays, and slow ticket response, alongside praise for platform reliability.
Who is it for
Kraken suits traders who prioritize security, transparency, and regulatory legitimacy over the rock-bottom fees or newest token listings found on some rivals. Its long operating history, proof-of-reserves practice, and broad licensing make it a reasonable choice for holding meaningful crypto balances long-term.
It is a strong fit for anyone who wants to combine simple buy/sell with staking, or who wants to graduate into Kraken Pro for lower fees, margin, and futures. Traders chasing the absolute cheapest instant-buy price or the newest low-cap listings may find better fits elsewhere.
How to open an account — Kraken
Before you apply
- Minimum age
- 18+
- Documents required
- Government-issued photo ID (passport or national ID) and proof of address for full verification
Verification tier determines deposit/withdrawal limits and access to margin, futures, and staking; higher tiers require additional documentation.
- 1
Sign up
Create an account with your email address and set a password on kraken.com or the Kraken app.
- 2
Verify your identity
Submit a government ID and complete the KYC tier required for the features you want (basic trading vs. higher limits).
- 3
Fund your account
Deposit via bank transfer, debit/credit card, or by depositing crypto directly into your Kraken wallet address.
- 4
Choose your interface
Trade on the simple Kraken app/web for buying and selling, or switch to Kraken Pro for the full order book, lower fees, and advanced order types.
- 5
Place a trade or stake
Buy, sell, trade futures/margin (where eligible), or stake supported coins directly from your account for on-chain rewards.
Good to know before you start

Why you have to verify your identity
Every regulated broker and exchange must confirm who you are before you can trade or withdraw. Expect to upload a passport or national ID and a proof of address under three months old (utility bill or bank statement). Most platforms approve documents within a few hours; a mismatch between your ID and the name on your payment method is the most common reason for delays.

How funding your account works
Deposits by card or e-wallet usually land within minutes; bank wires take one to three business days and may carry a fee from your bank. Withdrawals go back to the method you deposited with, which is an anti-money-laundering rule rather than a platform choice. Start with the minimum, confirm a small withdrawal works, then scale up.

What to expect on your first trade
Open a demo account first if the platform offers one, then place a small live trade on a liquid market such as EUR/USD or BTC/USD. Check the spread, the commission and the swap before you confirm. Set a stop-loss on every position — losing a small amount quickly is the cheapest lesson in trading.
Fees and spreads — Kraken
Spot fee tiers
| Tier | 30-day volume | Maker | Taker |
|---|---|---|---|
| Starter | < $2,500 30-day | 0.40% | 0.80% |
| Intermediate | $50,000 - $100,000 30-day | 0.15% | 0.30% |
| Pro | $250,000 - $500,000 30-day | 0.08%-0.10% | 0.20%-0.22% |
| Institutional | $1,000,000 - $10,000,000 30-day | 0.02%-0.06% | 0.12%-0.18% |
| VIP | $10,000,000+ 30-day | 0.0% | 0.10% |
Deposit & withdrawal fees
| Method | Deposit fee | Withdrawal fee | Processing time |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bank wire | Free to low fee (varies by currency/region) | Varies by currency; typically a flat fee per withdrawal | 1-5 business days |
| Debit/credit card | Percentage-based fee, higher than bank transfer | Not supported for withdrawals | Instant to a few minutes |
| Cryptocurrency | Free | Varies per asset and network conditions; published per-asset in Kraken's support center | Depends on network confirmation times |
Trust & reputation
Enforcement actions
- CFTC (2021) — Payward Ventures, Inc. (Kraken) paid a $1.25 million civil penalty for offering illegal off-exchange margined retail commodity transactions in digital assets and operating as an unregistered futures commission merchant. source
- OFAC (2022) — Kraken self-reported and settled with OFAC for roughly $362,000 over apparent sanctions violations tied to Iran-based users, and committed additional funds to sanctions-compliance controls. source
- SEC (2023) — Kraken settled SEC allegations that its US staking-as-a-service program was an unregistered securities offering, paying $30 million and shutting down US staking without admitting wrongdoing. source
- ASIC (Federal Court of Australia) (2024) — Bit Trade Pty Ltd, Kraken's Australian operator, was ordered to pay A$8 million for issuing a margin/credit product to about 1,100 customers without complying with Australian credit and design-and-distribution rules. source
What clients complain about
Recurring Trustpilot complaints center on accounts being frozen or placed under review with little explanation, delays of several days to weeks in accessing withdrawn funds, and difficulty reaching a live support agent during busy periods. Reviewers who praise the platform tend to cite its long track record and reliability rather than support speed.
Country availability
Accepts clients from
- United States
- United Kingdom
- Germany
- France
- Spain
- Italy
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Australia
- Canada
- United Arab Emirates
- Saudi Arabia
- Qatar
- Türkiye
- Egypt
- Nigeria
- South Africa
- Kenya
- India
- Pakistan
- Indonesia
- Malaysia
- Philippines
- Vietnam
- Thailand
- Brazil
- Mexico
- Argentina
- Colombia
- Kazakhstan
Not available in
- Iran
- Russia
Based on the platform’s published terms and regional entities. Availability changes — confirm on the official site before opening an account.
About the company
- Parent company
- Payward, Inc.
- Founded
- 2011
- Headquarters
- Cheyenne, Wyoming, United States
- Countries served
- 190+ countries
- Clients
- 13 million+ clients
Contact & support
- info@kraken.com
- Support hours
- 24/7 live chat and support tickets; voice support is requested from inside the Kraken app (no public phone number)
- Live chat
- Yes
- Languages
- English and multiple other languages via a globally distributed support team
- Address
- Payward Interactive, Inc., 106 E. Lincoln Way, 4th Floor, Cheyenne, WY 82001, USA (US entity); Payward Ltd, 6th Floor, One London Wall, London EC2Y 5EB, UK; Payward Europe Solutions Ltd, 70 Sir John Rogerson's Quay, Dublin 2, D02 R296, Ireland
Awards & recognition
Best Crypto Exchange
2025 · Forbes
Global Top 100 Most Loved Workplaces (ranked 14th)
2024 · Newsweek
Frequently asked questions
Has Kraken ever been hacked?
Kraken has not lost customer funds to an external security breach since it began operating in 2011. A 2024 incident involving an on-chain withdrawal bug affected Kraken's own corporate funds, not customer accounts.
What are Kraken's trading fees?
Kraken Pro starts at 0.40% maker / 0.80% taker for the base tier, falling to as low as 0.0%/0.10% for very high-volume accounts. The simple app's instant-buy feature costs more, typically around 1% all-in.
Is Kraken regulated?
Yes. Kraken's parent Payward is registered with FinCEN in the US, holds a Wyoming SPDI bank charter, is MiCA-authorised in the EU via the Central Bank of Ireland, holds a CySEC investment firm licence through Payward Europe Digital Solutions (CY) Limited, and operates in Australia through AUSTRAC-registered Bit Trade Pty Ltd.
Can I stake crypto on Kraken?
Yes. Kraken supports on-chain staking for roughly 20 assets including Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, Cardano, and Polkadot, though availability for US customers depends on the client's state.
What is Kraken's maximum leverage?
Margin trading offers up to about 20x on select pairs, while Kraken Pro perpetual futures offer up to 100x on BTC and ETH for eligible clients outside the US, UK, and EU.
Is Kraken going public?
Payward, Kraken's parent, confidentially filed a draft S-1 with the SEC in late 2025 and has discussed an IPO, but as of mid-2026 no listing date is confirmed and reports point to a possible 2027 timeline.
Which countries can't use Kraken?
Kraken restricts service in around a dozen jurisdictions, including Russia, Iran, North Korea, Syria, Cuba, and several other sanctioned countries, plus limited restrictions for a few US states including Maine and New York.
Sources
- kraken.com/features/fee-schedule
- support.kraken.com/articles/360000526126-what-are-maker-and-taker-fees-
- support.kraken.com/articles/360048917612-fee-schedule
- blog.kraken.com/news/feb-2026-maker-fee-program-update
- kraken.com/learn/how-kraken-is-regulated
- kraken.com/europe-switch
- blog.kraken.com/news/industry-news/europe-mica-switch
- datawallet.com/crypto/kraken-countries
- commodity.com/brokers/kraken-review/
- coindesk.com/business/2026/03/17/crypto-exchange-kraken-freezes-multibillion-dollar-ipo-plan-due-to-difficult-market-conditions
- coindesk.com/business/2026/05/08/kraken-parent-payward-seeks-fresh-funding-at-usd20-billion-valuation-ahead-of-potential-ipo
- financemagnates.com/cryptocurrency/kraken-ipo-slides-toward-2027-four-weeks-after-sethi-publicly-reaffirmed-filing/
- coinledger.io/learn/is-kraken-safe
- kraken.com/press/releases/kraken-launches-proof-of-reserves-audits-allowing-clients-to-verify-crypto-balances
- blog.kraken.com/news/proof-of-reserves-june-30-2025
- coinbureau.com/review/kraken
- nerdwallet.com/investing/reviews/kraken
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraken_(company)
- blog.kraken.com/product/margin/btc-usd-20x-on-kraken-pro
- blog.kraken.com/product/margin/100x-leverage-on-btc-and-eth-perps
- support.kraken.com/articles/227876608-margin-trading-pairs-and-their-maximum-leverage
- coinperps.com/learn/kraken-restricted-countries
- kraken.com/features/24-7-support
- support.kraken.com/articles/115013099227-how-to-contact-kraken-phone-support
- ca.trustpilot.com/review/kraken.com
- trustpilot.com/review/kraken.com
- cysec.gov.cy/en-GB/entities/investment-firms/cypriot/
- support.kraken.com/hc/en-us/articles/360001368823
- kraken.com/about
- kraken.com/prices
- kraken.com/legal/global-terms
- kraken.com/legal/eea-terms
- kraken.com/legal/br-terms
- kraken.com/legal/tos
- kraken.com/press/releases
- support.kraken.com/articles/360001368823
- registers.centralbank.ie/FirmDataPage.aspx?firmReferenceNumber=C468360
- registers.centralbank.ie/FirmRegisterDataPage.aspx?firmReferenceNumber=C453020
- register.fca.org.uk/s/firm?id=0014G00002WMeCoQAL
- nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1843762
- www10.fintrac-canafe.gc.ca/msb-esm/public/msb-search/
- bma.bm/digital-asset-business
- nfa.futures.org/BasicNet/basic-profile.aspx?nfaid=0309379
- wyomingbankingdivision.wyo.gov/banks-and-trust-companies/special-purpose-depository-institutions
- cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8433-21
- ofac.treasury.gov/recent-actions/20221128
- sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2023-25
- asic.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/
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